CONDITIONAL CLAUSE

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE IF DAN SUBJUNCTIVE

Kalimat conditional clause if dan subjunctive sebagai bentuk ungkapan tentang sesuatu yang tidak akan terjadi atau suatu bentuk kalimat tentang sebab akibat yang mungkin terjadi/ keadaan probabilitas.

Pengertian

Terdapat tiga macam kalimat pengandaian dengan “IF”.

1. Type I, probable conditional, simple present / future tense. Kalimat pengandaian ini mungkin terjadi, apabila syaratnya terpenuhi. Kalimat pengandaian ini biasa disebut real conditional.
2. Type II, improbable conditional, present tense/future tense. Kalimat pengandaian ini tidak mungkin terjadi. Dipakai untuk peristiwa / kejadian diwaktu sekarang / akan datang. Kalimat pengandaian ini biasa disebut unreal conditional. Karena bertentangan dengan fakta / situasi pada saat sekarang dan tidak mungkin terjadi.
3. Type III, impossible conditional, past tense. Kalimat pengandaian ini tidak mungkin terjadi karena peristiwa atau kejadiannya sudah terjadi diwaktu lampau / sudah lewat (past).

A. Pola conditional clause

a. Type I

Subject + shall + Verb I – if + subject + Verb I (+s/es)

will

can

may

must

b. Type II

Subject + should + Verb I – if + subject + Verb II

would

could

might

c. Type III

Subject + should + Have + Verb III – if + subject + had + V3

would

could

might

B. Contoh:

1. Type I : He will come here if you call him.

Mean : There is possible that he comes; he may come.

2. Type II : He would come here you called him.

Mean : He doesn’t come because you don’t call him, you call him so he doesn’t come here.

3. Type III : He would have come here if you had called him.

Mean : He didn’t come here because you didn’t call him, you didn’t call him so he didn’t come here.

Contoh lain :

1) I . If John has enough money, he will buy a radio.

II . If John had enough money, he would buy a radio.

III . If John had had enough money, he would have bought a radio.

2) I. If I live near the school, I will not often be late.

II. If I lived near the school, I wouldn’t often be late.

III. If I had lived near the school, I wouldn’t often have been late.

3) I. If I be rich, I will make a trip round the world.

II. If I were rich, I would make a trip round the world.

III. If I had been were rich, I would have made a trip round the world.

4) I. If he be rich, we can ask him to help us.

II. If he were rich, we could ask him to help us.

III. If he had been rich, we could have ask him to help us.

5) I. If Andre be here, I will not have to work so hard.

II. If Andre were here, I wouldn’t have to work so hard.

III. If Andre had been here, I wouldn’t have had to work so hard.

C. Keterangan

Kalimat syarat (Conditional Sentences) terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu :

1. if clause (anak kalimat if), berisi syarat.
2. Main clause (induk kalimat), mengatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi / dilakukan.

Clause if disebutkan kalimat syarat karena itu mengatakan sesuatu syarat / keadaan terpenuhi.

Perhatikan dua contoh berikut:

a. If it rains, I shall take an umbrella.

(if – clause) (main clause)

b. I shall take an umbrella if it rains.

(main clause) ( if – clause)

Melihat susunan kalimat syarat seperti contoh di atas dapat kita simpulkan bahwa :

• Mengenai letak if – clause. :

If clause dapat diletakkan di depan maupun di belakang main clause.

• Mengenai tanda koma (,) :

Apabila if clause mendahulukan main clause, maka tanda koma harus ada di belakang if clause, tetapi apabila main clause mendahulukan if clause tanda koma (,) tidak diperlukan lagi.

• Mengenai tense :

If clause dalam simple present tense, sedang main clause dalam simple future tense. Tetapi jika main clause dimaksudkan untuk menyatakan hal yang selalu tetap kejadiannya, maka baik if – clause maupun main clause dalam simple present tense.

Contoh :

a) We can’t sleep if we are not sleepy.

b) If I want some medicine, I go to doctor.

D. Contoh Conditional Clause If Dalam Percakapan

(if I were, if I had)

Ago : When are you leaving for Jogja ?

Tony : This is coming Sunday. Please come with me.

Ago : If I were not so busy, I would be happy to take you there. Have you found a place to stay ?

Tony : No. if I had a friend here, I could ask him to look for one.

Ago : If you wanna, you can stay at my mother’s house.

Tony : Thank you, that will be nice. Shall I write her a letter?

Ago : I’ll do that

Tony : Thank’s again.

( if I had)

Rambe : If I had a choice, I would prefer Lisa.

Agus : So would I

(if I )

* Joe : Do you mind if I smoke here ?

Dewi : That’s all right

* Siska : Would it all right if I left my bag here ?

security man : well, I would rather you didn’t.

* Frans : Hi Dony, nice to meet you again, I heard that you had an interview this morning, how was it ?

Dony : Well, I tried to do my best.

Frans : What did the recruitment offices ask you?

Dony : Many things, among other questins he asked what my name was,Where I was born and where I lived.

Frans : Is that all ?

Dony : No. He wanted to know if I had worked before and also whether I was married or not.

E. Contoh conditional clause if dalam kalimat lainnya.

1) The trip would be more pleasant if both of you could go.

2) If I had known about the plan, I wouldn’t have asked him to come.

3) He couldn’t have got info trouble if he had taken my advice.

4) If I go to Bali, I shall go in September.

5) If I should find the book, you can borrow it.

6) If we miss the bus, we can take taxi.

7) If he earns more money, he will buy a mobile.

8) If he comes, I will explain it to him.

9) If you fail the examination, you can take it again in December.

10) If I see him, I will tell him to see you.

11) If the wheather is fine, we shall go for a picnic.

12) If I went to London, I should see Buchingham place.

13) If the boy had listened to me, he wouldn’t have been in trouble.

14) If I were to go to Manchester, I should see old Trafford stadium.

15) If it should rain, I shall spend the time reading this magzine.

16) If I’d lost my spectacles, I wouldn’t have bought a new one.

17) If I had enough money, I would buy a radio.

18) What would you do if a bee stung you?

19) If you go to town, will you buy some thing for me ?

20) If he saw you, he would speak to you.

21) The streets would be wet if it rained.

22) If he’d been thirsty, he would have drunk some water.

23) You would have found the book if you had opened the bag.

24) If you take a taxi, youll catch the train.

25) If you don’t go I want go either.

26) You will hurt yourself if you are not careful.

27) I will help you, if you give me some money.

28) If the car broke down, we should be In great difficutty.

29) If I had time next week, I would go and see you.

30) If we had a car, we could visit the old temple.

31) If I ran out of money, I should ask my sister to lend me some.

32) If they set off now, they would get there in time.

33) If I should rain, I shall spend the time reading this novel.

34) If she sould decise ti stay, he can stay with us.

35) If she should ask him, he will acommpany her.

36) If he were offered the job, he would accept it.

37) If it were not raining, I should go out for a walk.

38) If she were not so rude, she would have more friends.

39) If we had gone to the box office early, we could have got good seats.

40) If he had been careful, he could slot have been knocked down by a lorry.

41) If she had won the price, she would have told me.

42) If he had a car, he would have joined in the race.

43) If I had told you abaut our plane, would you have writen to him?

44) If the room have been painted blue, would she have liked it better ?

45) What might you have done if you had had a holiday last week ?

46) If I had a qualifications, I would apply for the job.

47) If he didn’t drive his car too fast, he wouldn’t have an accident.

48) I would buy a computer, if I knew how to use it.

49) If you come on time, you’d learn more.

50) If my parents five me a permission, I will join the trip to Bali.

51) If we study hard, we will pass the exam.

52) If my father give money, I will buy a new car.

53) If she invites me, I will come to her party.

54) He will be verry happy, if she loves him.

55) You will fail the rest if you don’t study hard.

56) If I were a bird, I would fly all over the world.

57) If I got up earlies, I wouldn’t come late to school this sentences.

58) If she didn’t get married at eighteen, she would finish her study.

59) If I hadn’t missed my breakfast, I wouldn’t have a stomachache.

60) If I had a map with me, I wouldn’t get lost.

61) If I listened to my parents advice, I wouldn’t be in trouble.

62) If I and’t forget to lock the car, I would lose my bag.

63) If I hadn’t forgotten to close the door, the thief wouldn’t have entered my house.

64) If my uncle hadn’t been in a hurry, we wouldn’t have driven his car carelessly.

65) If John had been at home when I came to his house last night, I wouldn’t have met him.

B. SUBJUNCTIVE

Pengertian.

Kalimat subjunctive adalah kalimat yang mempunyai arti berlawanan dengan kalimat yang dinyatakan (kalimat yang dinyatakan positif artinya menadi negatif), begitu sebaliknya kalimat yang dinyatakan negatif artinya menjadi positif). Pola kalimat ini ditandai dengan adanya kata-kata. wish (harap), as if ( seolah-olah), as thought (seolah-olah ), if only (andai kata saja), would rather (lebih suka). Kata-kata tersebut diatas apabila diikuti subject sesudahya di golongkan ke dalam kalimat subjunctive. Kata-kata tersebut sangat tergantung pada tenses, yang dikelompokkan menjadi dua tenses, yaitu ;

1. subjunctive – present tense (bentuk V1, termasuk present future ) tomorrow, now, today, is, every day, next week, don’t, does’ doesn’t.
2. subjunctive – past tenses (bentuk V2, termasuk didalamnya did, last week, yesterday, a week ago, would have V3).

A. Bentuk / rumus

Wish

Vereb II à present tense (V1) Had + Verb III à past tense (V2) Would have V3

As if

+ Subject +

As though

If only

Would rather

It’s (high) time

Suppose

Would to got

Real fact : I want comfortable shoes, but I don’t have them now.

• Sunjunctive : Tony wishes he were a student again.

Real fact : Tony is not a student.

• Subjunctive : I wish I didn’t have to take an exam now.

Real fact : I have to take an exam now.

a. Past tense

• Real fact : I didn’t live there then.

Subjunctive : I wish I had lived there then.

If only I had lived there then.

• Real fact : I broke my window (broke = verb -II)

Subjunctive : I wish hadn’t broken it (my window).

B. Penggunaan

1) Wish dan if only digunakan untuk mengekpresikan keinginan harapan atau kondisi yang tidak terpenuhi.

Contoh :

1. I am so worried.

2. I don’t know what to do.

3. I wish Nita were here now.

4. He would know what to do.

5. Nita always knows what to do.

6. If only he were here !

7. He would be able to advise me as to what I should do.

- Oh, I wish you had come to the party last night, Joe.!

- You would have enjoyed if, I am sure and guess who else was there ?

Yunita !

- I was introduced to him.

- If only you had been able to meet him and to talk him.

2) “as if” and “ as though” digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sebuah ketidak samaan atau keadaan yang tidak benar (berlawanan).

Contoh dalam paragraf:

• Wahyu saw Nining at a restaurant yesterday, he have and called out to her. Wahyu was sure Nining heard him but she walked on as if she hat not heard him so wahyu went up to her say “ hello” Nining just looked at him as though he were a stranger, Wahyu wondered why Nining hat behaved as though she did not know him at all.

• No body likes Mr. Wayan.
• We cannot stand him because he is so careful.
• Mr. wayan like to act as if he were a millionaire.
• He also talks as though he know everything.
• Everyone knows that Mr. Wayan is not rich, and that he really knows nothing at all.

3) “ would rather” digunakan untuk menunjukkan harapan atau keinginan.

Contoh :

• Terry is having his dinner early.

It is only four thirty.

Terry is very hungry.

His mother would rather he ate his dinner later.

However, Terry wants to eat his dinner now.

• Dewi came to visit me las Monday.

Is so happened that I was very busy on that day.

I wished dewi had not come on that day.

I would rather she had come the day after.

I had to postpone my work because of her visit.

I could not do my work until after she had left.

C. Contoh Subjunctive Dalam Percakapan.

* Rini : I want a get a new camera.

Kinoy : What’s wrong with your present one ?

Rini : Oh… it’s just a cheap one besides, it’s getting old. I want my pictures to turn out better.

Kinoy : You talk as if your camera were useless already. But actually, you don’t need an expensive camera in order to get order pictures. Even the most modern camera won’t automatically take good photos. But there were certain things you can do to improve the quality of your photos.

* Rio : Would it be all right if I left my mobile here.

Rian : Well. I would rather you didn’t

Contoh-Contoh Subjunctive Lainnya:

1. He would rather we had left now while it is still early.

2. They wish they had reported the matter.

3. I wish I could travel to Europe.

4. I wish that she trains had been running on time yesterday.

5. I wish they were quit.

6. The man wishes he were a millionaire.

7. He act as if he had much work to do.

8. I could rather you went now.

9. If only the boy hadn’t created this morning.

10. She spoke as if she liked him.

11. If only his son had studied harder.

12. I wish I hadn’t been late.

13. She went to the blackboard as if she know how to solve the problem.

14. He flobbled up the food as if he had not eaten for year.

15. She stared at me as though she didn’t know me.

16. They behave as if they were alone in the room.

17. Everyone treats her as if she were a princess.

18. He would rather we went to bed now.

19. They would rather their son had become a doctor.

20. We wish you had done better in the test.

21. The girl wish the dog would stop barking.

22. I Would rather we waited until everyone is here before we start the meeting.

23. I would rather you had told me before you went out.

24. I wish I could fly.

25. They wish they had a car.

26. If only dani had not opened the letter.

27. She wishes she knew the answer.

28. If only my sister were older.

29. If only the plane had arrived.

30. I wish the train would be constual.

31. I would rather they had taken the children with them,

32. They would rather their son had bought the house.

33. The girl wish they had worn their sweaters.

34. We wish Monica would leave soon.

35. All the boys would rather the rain would stop.

36. If only the backstreet boys had came to Indonesia.

37. I wish justi timber lake would be my husband.

38. Felix continued reading as if he had not seen me enter the room.

39. She nodded as though she had understood what he was saying.

40. She smile as though she were very happy.

41. Yunita is crying as though her heart were broken.

42. They behaved as if they had not met each other for ages.

43. The farmers wish they had better machines.

Catatan :

1. Ada beberapa kemiripan antara conditional clause dengan subjunctive. Oleh karena itu anda perlu hati-hati dan cermati perbedaannya masing-masing.

2. Perlu dilatih dengan berbagai variasi contoh agar anda segera menguasai dengan cepat.

3. Lakukan berulang-ulang dan mintalah teman anda melakukan koreksi seperlunya agar anda semakin yakin dengan kemampuan anda tersebut.